THE UNDERWATER ARTERIES — HOW THE INTERNET ACTUALLY WORKS
THE UNDERWATER ARTERIES — HOW THE INTERNET ACTUALLY WORKS
1. THE ORIGIN: SATELLITES VS. SUBMARINE CABLESThere is a widespread global myth that the Internet is beamed down from Satellites in space. However, the technical reality is far more grounded. OVER 99% OF ALL GLOBAL INTERNET TRAFFIC TRAVELS THROUGH DEEP-SEA CABLES. Satellites contribute less than 1% of global data transmission and are primarily used for remote areas where physical infrastructure is absent. Without undersea cables, the modern digital world would collapse instantly.2. SUBMARINE FIBER OPTIC CABLES: THE WORLD’S VEINS.
Buried deep on the ocean floor are millions of miles of FIBER OPTIC CABLES. These cables are the true backbone of the internet, connecting continents and nations.THE ANATOMY OF A CABLE: While the exterior looks like a thick pipe, the core consists of glass strands as thin as a human hair. These strands carry data using pulses of light.
CABLE PROTECTION: To survive the harsh ocean environment, these cables are wrapped in multiple layers of steel, plastic, and copper to protect them from ship anchors, underwater earthquakes, and marine life.
3. THE HEARTBEAT: INTERNET EXCHANGE POINTS (IXP)
The Internet does not have a single "brain," but rather central hubs where major networks connect. These are known as INTERNET EXCHANGE POINTS. This is where tech giants like Google, Meta, and global ISPs meet to trade data.ASHBURN, VIRGINIA (USA): Often called the "Internet Capital of the World," it is estimated that over 70% of all global internet traffic passes through this single location.
AMSTERDAM (NETHERLANDS): Home to one of the world’s largest exchange points, linking Europe to the rest of the globe.
MOMBASA & DAR ES SALAAM (EAST AFRICA): These coastal cities serve as critical gateways, housing the landing stations for massive international cables like SEACOM and EASSY, which power the internet for the entire region.
4. DATA AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT: THE GLOBAL JOURNEY
It is mind-boggling how a video or image travels from one side of the world to the other in less than a second. This is the process:CONVERSION: Every piece of digital information is converted into binary code and then into pulses of light.
THE OCEAN CROSSING: These light pulses travel thousands of miles through the glass cores of undersea cables at nearly the speed of light.
THE DESTINATION: Once the data reaches the destination country, it is distributed via land-based fiber and cellular towers to the user’s device. ALL THIS HAPPENS IN MILLISECONDS.
5. THE INSTANT MAGIC: WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU TOUCH YOUR SCREEN?
To understand the power of the internet, you must look at your own phone. When you are sitting in your room and you TAP a video on YouTube, or search for something on Google, or scroll through TikTok, a global miracle happens in less than a second.
THE LIGHTNING REQUEST: The moment your finger touches that YouTube icon, a signal is sent from your phone to a local tower, then immediately dives into the underground Fiber Optic cables.
THE TRIP TO EUROPE/USA: In that exact millisecond, your "request" travels under the ocean at the SPEED OF LIGHT. If that video is stored in a DATA CENTER in Oregon (USA) or Eemshaven (Netherlands), your signal reaches there, finds the video, and starts sending it back to you instantly.
THE DATA CENTERS (THE INTERNET'S BRAIN): These are massive buildings filled with thousands of computers (Servers) that never sleep. When you use Google, you are actually talking to a Google Data Center. When you watch TikTok, you are pulling data from TikTok’s massive server farms in places like Virginia or Singapore.
6. THE SPEED OF LIGHT IN GLASS (FIBER OPTICS)
Why is it so fast? Inside those cables, data isn't moving like electricity in a wire. It is moving as PULSES OF LIGHT bouncing inside a glass tube.
Imagine a flashlight turning on and off billions of times per second.
This light travels at approximately 200,000 kilometers per second inside the fiber.
This is why, even though the video is coming from a building 10,000 miles away in Europe, it opens on your phone as if it were right next to you. You are literally communicating with the other side of the planet at the speed of light.
7. THE UNKNOWN SECRETS OF THE WEB (THE DARK FACTS)
THE WEIGHT OF THE INTERNET: Despite its massive scale, the physical weight of all the electrons moving the data on the entire global internet is estimated to be about 50 GRAMS—THE WEIGHT OF A SINGLE STRAWBERRY.SHARK ATTACKS: For decades, sharks have been caught on camera biting undersea cables. Scientists believe the electromagnetic fields confuse the sharks, leading them to attack. This forced companies to develop "shark-proof" armored cabling.
THE 1850s FOUNDATION: The first trans-atlantic cables were laid in the 1850s for the telegraph. The paths used by those Victorian-era engineers are often the same paths used by modern fiber optic cables today.
8. CONCLUSION: THE INTERNET IS A PHYSICAL WORLD
The next time you use your phone, remember: The Internet is not "magic" in the air. It is a massive, physical network of huge buildings (Data Centers), light pulses, and thick cables resting on the dark floor of the ocean. You are connected to the entire world by a thin strand of glass and the power of light.CONNECT WITH THE LEGEND: MARTIN-OG PRO
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